Term | Main definition |
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Absorption | Latin absorptio - engulf. I means to incorporate something into something.
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Acute | Denotes a sudden, rapid, short-term effect (e.g. a fast occurring toxic effect).
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ADI | Short for Acceptable daily intake, is a measure of the amount of a specific substance (originally applied for a food additive, later also for a residue of a veterinary drug or pesticide) in food or drinking water that can be ingested (orally) on a daily basis over a lifetime without an appreciable health risk.
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Adverse effect | The term ´adverse´ means harmful or undesirable effects that change metabolism, appearance, growth, development or life span of an organism which results in impairment of functional capacity or impairment of capacity to compensate for additional stress or increase in susceptibility to the harmful effects or other environmental influences (based on the WHO definition 1994).
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adverse effects, harmful effects, undesirable effects |
Aerosols | General term for mixtures of gases (e.g. air) that contain suspended solid or liquid particles (so-called particulate matter), which are approximately 1 nm to 10 μm in diameter. Sea salt
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aerosolised, aerosol |
AFM | Short for atomic force microscopy. The
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atomic force microscopy |
Agglomerates | Accumulations of weakly bound particles or aggregates or of compounds of these, whose resulting surfaces are similar to the sum of surfaces of the individual components.
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Agglomeration, agglomeration, agglomerate |
Aggregates | Solidly bound or molten particles, whose resulting surface may be much smaller than the sum of the calculated surfaces of the individual components.
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aggregation, aggregate |
Alveoli | From Latin alveolus, "little cavity". Thin-walled, tiny air sacs, located at the ends of the smallest airways in the lungs (the bronchioles) where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.
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amorphous | Greek amorphos = shapeless. In physics and chemistry, this refers to a substance whose atoms do not form an ordered structure. antonyme to crystalline.
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Antigene | Describes a foreign substance that when introduced into the body stimulates the production of an antibody. Many bacteria contain antigens. Toxins, viruses, blood cells or cells from foreign transplants can act as antigens as well.
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antigenes |
Antioxidant | Any substance that prevents or reduces free-oxygen-radicals, which attack other molecules and modify their chemical structure.
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radical scavengers, radical scavenger, antioxidative |
Apoptosis | Physiological or programmed cell death. In
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apoptotic |
Aspiration | From lat. aspirare - to breath. Describes in animal experiments the administration of (particle) suspensions in the nasopharynx with a hollow needle. The liquid droplet is injected with some pressure, so that the suspension can pass into the lung. This procedure is related to the instillation.
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aspiration, |
BET | Description of a method (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) for the analysis technique of sizing surfaces by means of gas adsorption.
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Brunauer-Emmett-Teller |